Use
1
|
to shorten relative clauses
|
2
|
to make one sentence out of two
|
3
|
after verbs of
"perception" (e.g. see, watch, hear, listen to, smell, feel)
|
4
|
after verbs of "rest"
and "movement" (e.g. run, go, come, stay, stand, lie, sit)
|
5
|
after the verb have
|
6
|
instead of a subordinate clause
|
Form
present participle
|
an exciting race
|
past participle
|
excited people
|
Examples
1
|
The cars which are produced in
Japan are nice.
The cars produced in Japan are nice. |
2
|
I saw the man. He came to the
shop.
I saw the man coming to the shop. |
3
|
I saw the car coming round the
corner.
|
4
|
The girl sat sleeping on the sofa.
|
5
|
I have my clothes washed.
|
6
|
When they went to Texas they
expected a better job.
Going to Texas they expected a better job. |
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